Scientific Method and Research - 2600 Words

1. Name of Course/Module: Research Method 2. Course Code: BT 21603 Research Method 3. Name(s) of academic staff: Dr. Janice L. H. Nga (Room No. 10, Level 3, SPE. Ext. 1640, Email: janice@ums.edu.my;janicenga@yahoo.com) Dr. Zakariya Belkhamza (Room No. 26, Level 3, SPE. Ext. 1555, Email: zakariya@ums.edu.my) 4. Rationale for the inclusion of the course/module in the programme Doing research is an important activity of the for today’s business environment. Business and economics students need to understanding basic concepts of business research methodology and research process as well as acquiring basic research skill. Application of the basic business research concepts and ability to prepare a sound and†¦show more content†¦FORMAT: Research Topic, Research Problem, and Objectives. Not more than 4 pages. 1.5 spacing References: Main Text: Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012). Research Methods for Business Students, 6th Edition. London: Pearson Education Limited. WEEK 3 Chapter 3 Critically Reviewing the Literature This chapter provides understanding on the importance and purpose of the critical literature review of research project. It discusses on what to include on writing a critical review, keeping a ware of the range of primary, secondary and tertiary literature sources available. It focuses on indentifying the keywords to undertake a literature search using a range of methods including the Internet. This chapter discusses method to evaluate the relevance, value and sufficiency of the literature found, to create reference of the literature found accurately and method to apply the knowledge, skills and understanding gained into a research project. Tutorial: Research Proposal: Group Presentations of the literature review and Problem Statement Main Text: Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012). ResearchShow MoreRelatedScientific Method and Research5682 Words   |  23 Pagesthe discussion-based class performed better than those in the lecture-based class. In this example the time that the class is taught could be considered a(n) _________ variable, making it impossible to establish a causal connection between teaching method and classroom performance. a) independent b) dependent * c) extraneous d) mediating 7) Several recent studies have found that moderate drinkers ofRead MoreThe Scientific Methods Of Research Inquiry1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe five scientific methods which include the question, hypotheses, experimentation, data analysis and conclusion are critical to a scientist because they enable them to have a credible data and conclusion on their research. It is realized that the usage of this methods are advantageous to anybody including business people, for as long as one follows the steps they will be sure of getting a credible outcome at the end of the day. I would emphasize that people should employ this method a lot becauseRead MoreScientific Method and Research Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminist movement encompasses how women have been abused domestically. 3. Define the term scientific method and the five basic steps used in the scientific method. Scientific method is the process of research where a problem is recognized, pertinent information is gathered, and a hypothesis is formulated. This methodology is comprised of trial and error as well as cause effect. The latter of the Scientific Method is a result of experience and/or observation. i. Defining the problem. What is theRead MoreEvaluation Of Scientific Research Methods Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pages EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODS St. Cloud State University Abstract This term paper evaluates the formats of different type of research papers available today. The additional knowledge for the comparison have been gained from the textbook Research Methodology: A Step-by-step Guide for Beginners – Fourth Edition (2014) with the available types of research papers and research methodologies. This paper includes the types of research paper and presents the appropriate suggestionRead MorePhenomenology: Scientific Method and Research3324 Words   |  14 PagesPhenomenology as Research Method by Beverley Campbell, Victoria University of Technology Outline of the paper This paper is an account, the interweaving, of the narrative of the writing of my own thesis using a phenomenological approach, with my developing interest in phenomenology as research method. My study of personal transformation provides the context for these reflections on phenomenology as research method. I have spoken in other forums about the content of the research; in this paperRead MorePositionality: Scientific Method and Research3342 Words   |  14 PagesIts Impact On The Research I Undertake Business Research Methods MBA2010-L-A1 Submitted By: - Suraj Rai Student ID: - 072078 - 77 University ID: - 27003380 Abstract In this paper I have tried to explain the concept of positionality and its various parameters like emic and etic, positivist, interpretivist, empiricist and rationalist, constructivist and reductionist. Then, I tried to analyze my positionality on the basis of these points and how these will effect on the research that I select andRead MoreScientific Thinking And Research Methods Essay2031 Words   |  9 Pages Scientific Thinking and Research Methods Alyssa Klingbyle, McKenna Krause, Taya Agius, Matthew Barnes University of Windsor 02-46-115 Article One: Jeff Galak, Tom Meyvis. (2011). The Pain Was Greater If It Will Happen Again: The Effect of Anticipated Continuation on Retrospective Discomfort. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2011, Vol. 140, No. 1, 63–75 DOI: 10.1037/a0021447 Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was to test whether peopleRead MoreMethodology: Scientific Method and Research785 Words   |  4 Pageswant to make your research appear more credible there is no option but to understand in detail, how to write a methodology. A research methodology will help you showcase your knowledge of using alternative methods that help in presenting your research topic more valid. The best way to demonstrate your research is by using a qualitative or quantitative research process. The following are the general guidelines that you should follow depending on the type of dissertation or research paper you are writingRead MoreWork: Scientific Method and Exploratory Research1888 Words   |  8 PagesAnalytical research is a type of research that utilises critical thinking to find out facts about a given topic and from the answers obtained develop new and useful ways of doing things. Critical thinking is a method of thinking that puts assumptions into que stion to decide whether a given claim is true or false. When writing an analytical research paper, you must perform a variety of tasks beforehand. The first step is to formulate a thesis and then gather your sources that will be used. The sourcesRead MoreScientific Method and Desk Research Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Assessment activity 1 1. When conducting research on behalf of your organisation or for a client organisation, how will you determine the most appropriate data sources to use? In this case the most suitable data source will be a desk research because this information will have already been gathered, analysed and reported on by other companies. It means that you will not waste time and money doing what others before you have done. 2. Why are cross checks and cross references necessary?

Essay Topics about South Kore: No Longer a Mystery

Essay Topics about South Kore: No Longer a Mystery Despite the fact that this country ranks top in a number of the things, it looks like the education isn't one of the greatest things about this nation. The folks in rural areas continue to be much poorer and many live a very simple life. There's an old folklore I remember from childhood, of the way the Korean people came into being. Tell friends and family about all these incredible places to see! It is, in addition, the 5th biggest city on earth. Now, totally free Wi-Fi was introduced throughout the city. Love Land is supposed to owe its existence to Jejudo's popularity for a honeymoon destination. A Startling Fact about Essay Topics about South Kore Uncovered The war isn't forgotten. It's a population of 22,912,177, the majority of which haven't any relation to the outside world and hate Americans with an extremely scary and dangerous passion. Also, a lot of women have the mentality that it's impossible for them to oc cupy top positions in politics and different areas. South Korean men like to take advantage of their appearances and, as such, it's believed that almost a quarter of men utilize makeup as a portion of their everyday routine. It earned the nickname due to the fierce storms that frequently roll in from the Himalayas. South Korea is among the most technologically advanced nations and the educational standards are high. If you're a teacher in South Korea, you are going to have to rotate school every 5 decades even in the event you love your present workplace. South Korea among the safest nations in the world. The Unexposed Secret of Essay Topics about South Kore So let's take some opportunity to consider about doing it. When it has to do with middle school students, their schedule is a small bit more lenient. It's recommended that you ask your teacher in the very first spot for any type of queries. Senior teachers can enjoy greater pay and the general work hours. Essay Topi cs about South Kore Explained The point of a koan, needless to say, is the fact that it's unresolvable and contributes to contemplation. After the expression is over, Jacheongbi made a decision to confess her feelings to the youthful god. Based on this subject, lack of suitable education is the reason for gender inequality as nobody can go far within this modern world without good education. After all, superior manners are important, even when you're the richest man on the planet. Essay Topics about South Kore Explained Using the term friend' in Korean is really very complex! There are key areas of the question which you have to underline as you read so you give them more stress. What's more, you must affirm and be certain of the designated length so you do not be overly wordy but rather be within the mandatory range. Self storage has the ability to cater to the requirements of various individuals and are able to provide flexibility and reasonable storage prices. Essay Top ics about South Kore for Dummies The country has the fastest internet on Earth, which is also among the least expensive and most accessible as a result of government subsidies. It is lead by a monarchy. It is quite a beautiful nation. It's the 109th country on earth in regard to area. Want to Know More About Essay Topics about South Kore? The city of Seoul has come to be the headquarters for many international businesses and companies including LG, Hyundai, Samsung and Kia that makes it among the major worldwide city in conditions of economy. The Lotte World Tower in Seoul is the maximum building in the nation and the fifth highest on earth. In this period of time, South Korea was under great political and financial chaos because of distinct reasons including the impacts of the war. The nation's name Korea comes from the dynasty. Details of Essay Topics about South Kore Due to the dearth of land, self storage businesses are enjoying a slightly greater profit here than i n the remainder of Europe. In South Korea, plastic surgery is just one of the most well-known modifications and is common amongst residents. He is the inventor of the world hit Gangnam Style. So should you ever visit South Korea, you may want to find out your blood type firstsomeone is likely to ask eventually. A short article can even be known as a new story. The majority of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays also, therefore it is quite important to grab the eye of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. Korean is thought of as one of the finest well-planned languages in history. English topics aren't easy to produce. The Basics of Essay Topics about South Kore There are certain kinds of essays we've given as samples to help students acquaint themselves and learn to write distinctive samples. Speak to us to get the best program to fulfill all your needs Thanks for visiting! More information is found on the official site. More info on the custom made essay services The bulk of our clients are delighted with their papers.

The Video Game Industry Free Essays

Abstract This research paper will cover the different aspects of project management in video game development. Focus will also be on discussing and overviewing the project lifecycles as it pertains to game development. There is also interest in seeing within the realm of video game development how the application of knowledge, various skills, tools, and the techniques are used. We will write a custom essay sample on The Video Game Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The will also be focus on examining pre-production, production and post production in the gaming industry. Topics will explore issues pertaining to, but not limited to, stakeholder expectations, timeliness of implementation, and optimization of resources. Additionally, information will be given covering the concepts of meeting the needs of business’s vision and mission regarding development and exploring how the identification of and addressing any issues that may arise in game project development.? Introduction The video game industry has been steadily growing for over almost four decades. From Nintendo to Sony, there have been a myriad of games that have been made for the platform over the course of the video game industry. The initial commercial history of video games and the birth of this industry inevitably begins with the US military’s computer hardware and networks. At the time, infrastructure was beginning to shift towards facilitating both game development and market consumption. Over the course of almost four decades, many games have been made, but the question is, exactly how are these spectacular pieces of art being made. When people buy video games, their focus is not on the people who actually make the product, or even on the process it takes to create the game that they own. Consumers only see the end product that is distributed and hit store shelves. For most, their energies and focus are on purchasing the product and investing in actual game play. However, the process and man power it takes to create a game is an intricate undertaking. It is stated that the intricacy of modern video games requires workers with varied skill sets such as computer engineers and programmers, visual artists, audio engineers, animators, game designers, writers, and quality assurance testers (Weststar, 2015). For starters the biggest component to game development are video game developers (VGDs) (Weststar, 2015). Additionally, these projects can consist of a producer and studios have a range of upper managers and administrative personnel. Weststar stated that with project-based model the outputs of each new game are unique. In turn the environment is complex and uncertain. Coordination among project members is rooted in diffuse and informal power relationships in relation to their roles as it pertains to those that direct the work and those who perform it (Weststar, 2015). Thusly, with the consumer, the process of making video games is a non-factor, largely an unknown, and rarely registers in the thoughts in most people’s minds. Many again just see the end product, of which is what is their main motivating factor of going to a retail store and purchasing it. However, there is a select pocket of individuals who are more cognizant of the game development process and they are more greatly invested. For this segment, they faithfully follow their favorite game, or for some developer, and wi ll be aware the specifics from the announcement of the game and will stay engaged until the game goes gold. This is, going gold, that the game is finished and ready to be put on a disc and distributed. The creation of each video game is a project with a well-defined production cycle of pre-production, production, and post-production phases of which reach require different and various resources (Weststar, 2015). HistoryBefore one can actually delve it the game development process, it is important to have some background understanding on the development of the gaming industry. Nolan Bushnell is credited as the pioneer of the worldwide commercial video game industry. Bushnell was the founder of Atari and is responsible for generations of home and arcade gaming hardware and software including the truly influential game, Pong (Grantham ; Readman, 2006). Arcades games were very popular and peaked in the early 1980s. As time progressed and newer technologies burst onto the market most titles were converted to play on the evolving home technology – home computers and consoles (Grantham ; Readman, 2006). It was also during this time of change and development, many independent develop ers and publishers started to emerge. One of the most noted and widely known, Activision for example, was founded by former Atari developers seeking greater ownership and control over their developments (Grantham ; Readman, 2006). Over time people have come to recognize software games as new and very popular mode of entertainment and an important application of technology. This outlook has become increasingly accepted and by people of all ages. In today’s culture, technology is easily accessible and has become more convenient. In turn more and more people like to play games and are also becoming motivated to design their own games. Also, software games are gaining importance because they are not only used for entertainment, but also for serious purposes that can be applicable to different domains such as education, business, and health care (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, Ahmed, 2016). Game Development ProcessPre-productionAs with any industry as it relates to project development, within the gaming industry, pre-production is the beginning phase of the life of a game, the project. It is during this phase that developers/project managers determine how long will it take to game to make, the personnel needed, and the budget needed to make the proposed project. During pre-production it is paramount that very specific goals are fleshed out of which will be essential to a successful project. Walfiz, Zackariasson and Wilson pointed out that certain elements are fundamental to projects: commitment to timing, staying within a budget, and producing an output (Zackariasson, Walfisz, Wilson, 2006). Also, it is important to note that, these fundamentals are developed before the project starts, and thus commit both parties to specific activities/objectives. Drew Liming and Dennis Vilorio states that in the pre-production phase, the lead designers outline a game concept with the help of lead artists and programmers (Liming Vilorio, 2011). Additionally, it is at this time that the lead designers might select special feature(s), such as an innovative gameplay element, or powerful graphics, that will make the game unique (Liming Vilorio, 2011). It was also pointed out that when the game finally receives the funding needed, programmers begin building its technological framework (Liming Vilorio, 2011). Pre-production considerations tends to produce a hierarchy of plans that guide the project and the pre-production phase is instrumental in producing the basis on which to build the game (Zackariasson, Walfisz, Wilson, 2006). The over-ridding goal of pre-production is essentially to create a game plan that will be the road map in which the player(s) will finish the game. The game plan must include information of the game concept, the unique feature(s), the constraints that affect this concept, and analyzing risk assessment.Risk management is a necessary aspect of game project development. Alem, Carpatz and Ahmed states that the importance of risk management is essential for the efficiency of game development. Thusly this is often the focus for project management (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, Ahmed, 2016). Alem, Carpatz and Ahmed also state, that it is with the upmost importance to identify risk factors early in the game development process (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, Ahmed, 2016). During game development, the project manager is the game’s producer and must bring together management, the technical components, and the appealing aspects to create a successful video game. They also identified two risk factors that must be addressed during this development process: failure of development strategy and absence of the fun factor (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, ; Ahmed, 2016). Additionally, it is important to realize that in game development, other important risk factors can have an impact such as the development strategy, the fun factor or extent of originality, scheduling, and budgeting. With these, there will always be some level of â€Å"the unknown† when addressing risk factors. Taking time early on to identify risks is paramount as there will always be unforeseen issues in a project. Working to minimize as many issues initially will decrease unadvantageous developments later in the project development/production cycle. Thus, efficient work done during pre-production will work to minimize or even eliminate unforeseen issues. Production Now that the risks, personnel, and assets are identified, for the project, it can now to enter the production phase. Thusly, the completion of the prototype signals the start of the production phase of development (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). During the production phase the project team can now move forth with focusing on the cusp of the project work. Energies can now finally be channeled towards actual development of the game. It is importance to note that certain aspects of the work can be initiated during pre-production. Thus, there can be at times, some objectives running concurrent and simultaneously with those that are just commencing. Even though the project team is in full stride during this phase, and most of the ideas are being carried out, some new plans can happen that may have an impact and thus alter work. For starters, assets can be added or even removed at this point. Accordingly, with these alterations, it is important that changes are accurately noted and are effectively communicated to the project team, the developer, studio upper management, and the publisher. Making such changes are crucial and essential and must be relayed in a timely manner. It is imperative that during development, the project document continues to remain as a point of reference for the entire project team. As pointed out by Liming and Vilorio, during the production phase, teams of designers, artists, and programmers use the project document as a guide to ensure efficient game creation (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). When the plan is communicated to the project team, it is the role of the project manager to remain vigilant on keeping the plan up to date. Ensuring that there is sound communication and a streamlined vision/design, will allow the project teams to collaborate to make the most of each other’s expertise (Liming Vilorio, 2011). There is feedback during production that helps the project team revise the document as needed. For instance, feedback might encompass how to improve a game’s mechanics, or more so, remove an unfeasible feature (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). Throughout production, developers continually build improved versions of the game. This allows for the creation of more content that is better looking, more streamlined within a design, and thus is more refined (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). Liming and Viliorio also went on further to state that the conclusion of the production phase is that the fully playable game includes art, music, and sound effects. This milestone is referred to as â€Å"content complete.† (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011).Post production Production ends when the developer and publisher agree that no more features are needed; thus, no features are added during post-production. Instead, the main goal of this phase is to finalize software quality. The post-production phase starts at least three months before the end-of-project deadline. During post-production the focus is on playing the game to test for errors, called bugs, and on tweaking it to eliminate unwanted elements (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). Post-production is key for the game develop process as quality assurance and process validation are critical components. The quality assurance staff tests the game by playing it and attempting to do things the development staff never considered (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). It is during this time that such things as bugs and compatibility issues are fixed. Additionally, work will be done to ensure that all coding is optimized. Process validation plays an important role in assessing game quality. Also, during this phase, the development process as a whole is analyzed. Collection and evaluation of process data from the pre-production phase through to the post-production phase can provide evidence that the overall development process produces a good-quality game. Congruously, analysis can depict either product errors, in-complement coding, or that the final product does not measure up to expectations. It is known, as the game testers find bugs, they document the errors and assign them to a programmer, designer, or artist to be addressed and fixed (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). Efficiently identifying and correcting issues is essential for the game roll-out deadline. Additionally, the developer may sometime want the game put into consumer hands before official release. Such instances could be in the form of advance releases, or advance copies for select consumer testing and gameplay which is a marketing strategy in gaming. Developers also use beta testing. Beta testing in games is used to gage overall game functionality using external testers or a select segment of identified consumers (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, ; Ahmed, 2016). Beta testing is a kind of first public release for testing purposes by users. Game publishers often find it effective because bugs are identified by users that were missed during the in-house testing process (Aleem, Fernando- Capretz, ; Ahmed, 2016). Dealing with bugs and tweaks can make postproduction time-consuming. Thus, the process may take as long as production, especially for more complex games that have bigger budgets (Liming ; Vilorio, 2011). Conclusion The video game industry has grown tremendously over the last four decades. From Nintendo to Sony, a plethora of games have been made over the course of the video game industry. Games, the end-products, are the results of the efforts of many. The process of video game development is an intricate undertaking. The production cycle encompasses a myriad of derivatives which adhere to pre-production, production, and post-prediction phases. During the entire production cycle of a game key players such as computer engineers and programmers, visual artists, audio engineers, animators, game designers, writers, and quality assurance testers are involved. The pre-production phase helps lay out the groundwork and plan that will be followed as the game develops. During pre-production specific goals are fleshed out and key fundamental elements to the project are identified. It also during this phase that focus is on working to minimize as many issues initially. This works to decrease unneeded or potentially negatively impacting developments later in the project development/production cycle. During the production phase the project team’s main focus is on the actual creation of the game. It is during the production phase that new plans can happen which can have impact and alter work. A project document is used to ensure efficient game development and thus the project manager must ensure that the plan is up to date. Additionally, the project manager will work to ensure that there is sound communication for the entire team. When the game has entered post-production, the focus is on playing the game to test for errors and other unwanted elements. There is a lot of focus on quality assurance. Within the gaming industry, testing can be done both in-house and the use of a select segment of consumer beta testers. Though most consumers only see the end product that is distributed and hit store shelves, there is a lot that has happened to ensure that the they will have a quality game playing experiences. Additionally, there is a select pocket of consumers who are more engaged development process and have a greater apperception for the game development process. Overall there is a great deal that transpires in the development of a game. From stakeholder expectations to timeliness of implementation, a lot of resources have been invested to create that end-product game. Understanding the life of a game through the lens of game development production cycle helps to foster a heightened appreciation for the final pro duct. How to cite The Video Game Industry, Papers